Before I start, I think that spears and rapiers should have respective properties. Spears should be perfectly fine to use from behind a greatshield, but from behind a buckler? Vice versa for rapiers. Thus furthering the incentives of using greatshields in PvE or PvE. Same as with small shields and rapiers.
So here's my five-step plan to make spears better:
Step 1: Nerf the R1 speed from behind the shield.
My main gripe about this is that in some cases somebody can hit twice in one second with a weapon with an AR of 400, with no risk. Most people that do utilize the spear/shield mechanics get backstabbed to death, and generally I think it's a bad mechanic. Therefore, nerfing the speed, but allowing for better tracking and increased blockstun would make it a balanced, yet efficient way to fight from behind a shield.
Step 2: Allow for a Ricard's rapier type attack when R2 is used from behind a shield.
The whole thing about Ricard's rapier is that the damage is mediocre with single hits. But the R2 can deal 100's of damage in the blink of an eye. Something like that, but with increased stamina consumption, and just the two opening hits would be a great way to give incentive for being a more defensive player. Every playstyle should be able to be on par with others, and this would give a more patient defensive player an edge.
Step 3: Give spears a decent moveset.
Most spears movesets are complete ***, and the incentives of R2 vs. two-three R1's make them all the more inferior. Thus proposing as said above, a Ricard's rapier style attack, or even something like the Dragonslayer spear 2nd R2. Giving it viable damage output, and proper knockback effect for a risky R2.
Step 4: Spears aren't always for poking.
Take in account the movie 300. I use this as an example because it's a well known movie, and it shows the diverse utility of spears. However in Dark Souls, spears are limited to a couple slightly different pokes. This is perhaps why I enjoy the SKS and the Partizan so much.
Step 5: Nerf the speed overall.
At least with 1HR1's and somewhat balanced with 2HR1's. Try taking a long broom stick one day when you have a chance, now go ahead and duct tape a 5-10 pound dumbbell to the end and try poking a couple times. Yeah, it's harder than it looks. Sure Dark Souls is a fantasy RPG, but realistically, it takes a hell of a lot of work to use spears like they are used In Dark Souls.
What do you guys think will improve or balance spears?